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Edward’s Homage to Philip VI
Some months after Philip of Valois became King Philip VI of France, Edward III did homage to him for his Duchy of Aquitaine. By...
Dispute After the Death of Louis X’s Son
After the death of King Louis X, his queen gave birth to a baby boy. For a short time, the child was considered king....
Problems with Edward’s Argument
According to Edward III’s argument, the crown could pass through women, even if women themselves could not rule. However, this idea creates many problems...
Chivalry and the Rise of Military Aristocracy
Over time, chivalry changed from an institution meant to protect the weak into a system that often oppressed ordinary people. Initially designed to defend...
The Dark Side of Chivalry
While chivalry is often remembered for its bright displays of armor, tournaments, and noble deeds, its darker aspects cannot be ignored. The reality of...
Chivalry and Religion
In many histories of chivalry, the role of knights as defenders of the Christian religion is praised as one of the institution’s greatest achievements....
Abbreviations Used in This Book
This section explains the abbreviations that are used throughout the book. These short forms are mainly for books of the Bible and common historical...
The Story of Noah’s Pudding
According to tradition, when the Ark of Noah came to rest on Mount Ararat after the great flood, Noah and his family were filled...
The Meaning of True Richness
St. John’s metaphor gives us a clear message about the church in Laodicea. The Christians in this city were rich in material things, but...
Art and Myth in Pergamum
One of the most famous artworks connected with ancient Pergamum is the Great Altar. Today, it is restored and displayed in the Pergamum Museum...














